Free Essays on Gettysburg Address

In â€Å"The Gettysburg Address†, by Abraham Lincoln the possibility of ‘freedom for all’ was the bases on which the discourse was composed. There are a few models wherein this subject is created. Lincoln opened by broadcasting that our country was found on the suggestion that all mean were made equivalent. This one line started how Lincoln felt about the opportunity for anybody and everybody. Lincoln continued to build up this subject when he commented about the a great many Americans who had passed on the war zone, by saying â€Å"...these dead will not have kicked the bucket in vainthat this country, under God, will have another birth of freedom....† Lincoln completed his discourse with this line to additionally impact the American individuals to proceed with the battle for their opportunity and to additionally exhibit the topic of his discourse by announcing that they would have another birth of opportunity and in demonstrating the Americans that their kindred men who had passed on would even now achieve their convictions in opportunity. All through the discourse Lincoln set up the topic of ‘freedom for all’. By starting his discourse with the introduction of the country and closure his discourse by portraying his vision of the nation’s inevitable resurrection, Lincoln clarified to the American individuals his faith in ‘Freedom for all’.... Free Essays on Gettysburg Address Free Essays on Gettysburg Address In â€Å"The Gettysburg Address†, by Abraham Lincoln the possibility of ‘freedom for all’ was the bases on which the discourse was composed. There are a few models wherein this topic is created. Lincoln opened by broadcasting that our country was found on the recommendation that all mean were made equivalent. This one line started how Lincoln felt about the opportunity for anybody and everybody. Lincoln continued to build up this topic when he commented about the a great many Americans who had kicked the bucket on the war zone, by saying â€Å"...these dead will not have kicked the bucket in vainthat this country, under God, will have another birth of freedom....† Lincoln completed his discourse with this line to additionally impact the American individuals to proceed with the battle for their opportunity and to additionally exhibit the subject of his discourse by pronouncing that they would have another birth of opportunity and in indicating the Americans that their kindred men who had passed on would even now achieve their convictions in opportunity. All through the discourse Lincoln built up the topic of ‘freedom for all’. By starting his discourse with the introduction of the country and consummation his discourse by depicting his vision of the nation’s inevitable resurrection, Lincoln clarified to the American individuals his faith in ‘Freedom for all’....

The Managerial Venture and Successful Marketplace Case Study

The Managerial Venture and Successful Marketplace - Case Study Example Last contemplations are identified with the company’s ability to survey a best practice to adapt to the moral norm, with an eye on the examples of overcoming adversity inside significant information escalated businesses, along with an essential examination of the macroeconomic conditions in a modern viewpoint too. This work depends on contemplations and assessments for a business rising in the United States, that targets building up an extensive programming all together for a little undertaking to enter the betting business sector on a precise and achievable way. A family run-independent venture is, along these lines, examining on a key, budgetary and administrative point of view the significant components and elements that may hinder the business development, along with an extensive assessment of the inherent qualities of the business that is being planned in this sense. Significant center will at that point be committed to the business ability to meet all the current guidelines and suggestions that administer the business where the product is required to work, while on the opposite side significant components that may disable the product spread will be additionally identified with the administrative capacity to adapt to inside guidelines and with Ethic rehearses. A far reaching and necessary assessment of this case will, along these lines, spread the business effect of partners, the global code of morals attributes, the moral system along with a last individual feeling in this sense. The advancement of this business requires a primer precise and broad comprehension of all the potential partners that are considered for the examination of a business and moral point of view: A significant primer partner is an administration. The ability to adapt to all the progressing guidelines and laws administering the betting business is in this sense a proof of its significance in this field.

What is OLAP

What is OLAP © Shutterstock.com | phipatbigUsers of information come in all shapes and sizes, and they certainly have different reasons or objectives for looking for a specific data or piece of information. Certainly, a single set of data may be used by thousands of people with a hundred different purpose in mind, so it shouldn’t come as a surprise that their way of approaching the data will also vary.In recent years, processing information has become easier, thanks largely to technology playing a huge role. The computer, for example, has become one of the most essential technological tools or devices today, so much so that it is now quite difficult to imagine a time when we did not have the computer to rely on. Undoubtedly, business and industry are only two of the many fields or areas that greatly benefited from computer and information technology, particularly when it comes to its core operations as well as other business processes.Business intelligence, or BI, is one of those aspects that an enterprise or organization focuses a considerable amount of its resources on. You will find businesses investing on computer systems and applications â€" both software and hardware â€" to be used in its business processes.Basically, business intelligence encompasses all the tools, systems and infrastructure that an organization or business enterprises uses in its strategic planning and management process. These include software applications, programs, and other technologies that facilitate the collection, analysis and presentation of business information.Aside from being described as a set of utilities, BI is also often used to refer to the discipline for handling or managing information. This is why it also covers the best practices and activities such as data mining, querying, reporting, relational database, and â€" what we will focus on â€" online analytical processing.AN INTRODUCTION TO OLAPBI is a very broad category, and Online Analytical Processing is only one of the many tools contained in it. However, it is also one of the more useful and powerful tools, and proof of that is the large number of BI applications that make use of this technology.Online Analytical Processing, or OLAP, is a powerful data discovery tool designed to enable users to perform multidimensional analysis of data. It aids users to access, extract, and view data (using a computer) from different perspectives or points of view.OLAP demonstrates a slight variation from the “Online Transaction Processing” (or OLTP), which has a more traditional, simpler and more limited view, considering how it is primarily focused on transactions and transaction-oriented applications. It doesn’t look past the surface, so users are more focused on data entry, transaction processing, and retrieval. Think of the typical business applications used in day-to-day business operations, and it is highly probable that OLTP is used.With OLAP, however, the focus is much wider, going beyond a straight uni directional transaction to consider multiple dimensions. Thus, it is the technology designed primarily for decision support systems and management information systems of organizations.OLAP and OLTP are two different beans, but they belong on the same pod, which means that they are complementary technologies, working together to further solidify an enterprise’s business intelligence. Businesses require both, not just one or the other.We can gain better understanding of OLAP by taking note of how it differs from OLTP.OLAP application. As mentioned earlier, OLAP is mainly for the use of ‘knowledge workers’, such as managers and executives, who will require information for theirdecision-making. OLTP is more operational in its application, with employees and staff (for example, an IT professional) being the main users.OLAP outlook. OLAP takes a strategic stance, thinking long-term and historical instead of just a few weeks or months, which is the horizon that OLTP is looking at. Op erational information is not seen to have enough of an impact after, say, 10 or even 5 years from the time the transaction took place. Therefore, OLAP looks at the underlying information of these operational data to identify or establish trends over 5, 10, or more years.OLAP storage. OLAP data is stored in a multidimensional database, which makes sense, really, considering how users will be approaching the same data from different directions, with different objectives for their analyses. The “dimension” we are referring to in a multidimensional database is the data attribute. Users may look at the same data set, but will focus on different data attributes, depending on their objectives. For example, data on the annual sales of an automobile manufacturing company may be accessed by User A to analyze the sales trend within the 12-month period. User B is more regional in his approach, since his objective is to compare sales levels for the year in the different geographical location s or regions and recognize the best-performing country or region. User C, on the other hand, may want to use the data as basis for forecasting sales in units for the next five to ten years.OLAP emphasis. The emphasis of OLAP is on retrieval of information, which will be used in strategic decision-making. In contrast with operational or transactional decision-making, strategic decision-making is not something that is performed frequently, so as to require information in a snap. Thus, OLAP may be refreshed daily, weekly, or any frequency or timing for collecting and cleaning data for analysis later on. This will also allow for better indexing of information that can be easily retrieved even several years into the horizon. This is clearly not the case with OLTP, which puts emphasis on updating instantly and automatically.THE OLAP CUBEAt the core of the OLAP concept â€" and any OLAP system, for that matter â€" is the OLAP Cube. The cubic shape â€" and the arrangement of data into that s hape â€" represents how OLAP adheres to the principle of multidimensional analysis, resulting in a data structure designed for fast and effective data analysis, as opposed to the limitations attached to relational databases.Also called the “hypercube”, the OLAP Cube is described as consisting of “numeric facts (measures) categorized by facets (dimensions). Dimensions refer to the attributes that define a business issue or problem; to put it simply, a dimension is a label describing the measure. For example, in sales reporting, the measure will be the amount of sales, while the dimensions will often include the Sales Period, the Salespersons, the Product or Service Sold, and the Sales Region.In reporting manufacturing operations, the measure may be the Total Production Costs and the Units of Production. The dimensions will be the Date or Time of production, theProduction Stage or Phase, and maybe even the Workers involved in the production process.Usually, analysis of operation al information obtained from transactions may be performed through the use of simple spreadsheet, with the data values presented in rows and columns. This is fine, considering the two-dimensional nature of the data. It’s different in the case of OLAP, which involves a multidimensional data array, with data often obtained from different and unrelated sources â€" something a spreadsheet won’t be able to handle effectively and efficiently. The Cube, on the other hand, addresses that problem, and also ensures the storage of information in a logical and orderly manner.How does it work?A business collects data from different sources and presented in different formats, such as text files, multimedia files, Excel spreadsheets, an Access database, and even an OLTP database. All the data is gathered in a Data Warehouse, which is essentially a large repository or storage of data accumulated straight from sources.In the Data Warehouse, the raw data obtained from OLTP and other sources will be cleaned of any erroneous, incomplete, and inconsistent transactions or data. After cleaning and transformation, the cleaned data will be stored in a relational database.The data will then be loaded into the multidimensional OLAP server (or the OLAP Cube) for analysis.End users responsible for business applications, data mining and other data-intensive business operations will then access the information they require from the OLAP Cube. BASIC ANALYTICAL OPERATIONS OF OLAPThere are three basic analytical operations in OLAP:Roll-upAlso known as “consolidation”, roll-up involves accumulating all data that can be collected, and computing all their relationships in one or more dimensions. More often than not, this may require the application of a mathematical formula.As an example, take a look at a retail chain, with sales outlets in various cities within the state. In order to identify sales patterns and anticipate future sales trends, sales data from all of the outlets are “rol led up” to the company’s main sales department for consolidation and computation.Drill-downThis is the reverse of roll-up. It starts with a large set of data, and then broken down into its smaller parts, thereby allowing users to go through the details.In the retail chain example, the analyst will drill down by looking at the sales data and viewing the individual brands or products that are considered to be bestsellers in each of the sales outlets in the different cities.Slice and DiceThis analytical operations involves two actions: to take out a specific data set from the OLAP Cube (this is the “slicing” aspect of the analysis) and viewing it from various perspectives or angles (this is where “dicing” comes in).This can happen when all data â€" not just the sales data â€" of all sales outlets are obtained and entered into the hypercube. Management or the analyst will slice from the OLAP Cube the data set pertaining to sales, which will then be diced, or viewed in the an alysis of unit sales per region, while other users may focus in evaluating the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of the sales process. On the other hand, another can use the same data set in evaluating the effectiveness of the company’s marketing and advertising campaign.IMPACT OF OLAP ON BUSINESSYou will find OLAP in majority of business applications, across industries, benefiting not only the businesses but all other stakeholders as well.Speaking in general terms, we often hear OLAP being described as a vital tool for data mining operations. Some of its most common applications include:Financial Reporting, which also covers reporting on Sales and CostsBudgeting and Financial PlanningBusiness Process ManagementMarketing AnalysisSales AnalysisDatabase MarketingManagement Reportingand more…Industries continue to grow, which means that soon we will be seeing more applications of OLAP. Before that, though, let us try to take a look at the benefits of OLAP, in order to better unders tand why businesses integrate it into their business intelligence initiatives.OLAP systems are designed specifically for analysis. OLTP systems are highly valued by businesses, and you will find almost all businesses and enterprises using OLTP systems in their execution of transactions. However, they are not ideal for use in data analysis, and that is where OLAP comes in.OLAP serves as a “one-stop shop” for all business information needs. Imagine a set up where you, as the manager and decision-maker of a company, will have to use separate databases for every decision you make. For example, there will be a separate database for information to be used in planning and budgeting. Similarly, there will be another database for when the business will have to prepare business and financial reports. And then again, for monitoring and analysis purposes, there will be another database. That can be quite tedious, not to mention costly, having to maintain more than one or two databases. OLAP works to streamline that, creating only one platform for all your information requirements.OLAP ensures consistency of information. High-quality information â€" which is basically information that is reliable and, therefore, may be used with confidence as basis in making business decisions â€" must have consistency, and OLAP takes care of that aspect.OLAP provides predictive advantages. The multidimensional processing adapted by OLAP makes for a more dynamic analysis. This is the reason why OLAP systems and technologies are used to evaluate “what if” and alternate business scenarios.TYPES OF OLAP SYSTEMSNow let us take a look at the various types of OLAP Systems, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples of OLAP tools or products currently being used by businesses.Relational OLAP, or ROLAPThis system marries the standard operation of a relational database and the multidimensional nature of the data to be subjected to analysis. Analysis of the multidimensional data will a lso be conducted using other relational tools.In this method, the multidimensional database will obtain or load data from the relational database only when there is a need for those specific data. That means there is no data directly stored in the multidimensional database.If the database is medium to large, ROLAP is the appropriate OLAP system for you.Pros:High data efficiency. This is partly because access language and query performance are optimized specifically for the analysis of multidimensional data.The fact that the multidimensional basis will only draw data or information as and when needed means the database won’t be as vulnerable to speed problems as other system types.Scalability. ROLAP supports scalability in handling large volumes of data, and even when the amount of data is steadily increasing. This is also partly thanks to how the database is not too bogged down with too many unnecessary data loaded into it.More flexible tools. Even when the data is mostly textual or narrative, meaning they cannot be aggregated, computed, or even clearly quantified, ROLAP tools will still be able to handle them. It also offers convenience, such as when it comes to accessing data stored within the relational database. It does not require any special tool â€" not even an OLAP tool â€" to access the data, since any SQL reporting tool will do the job just as easily and effectively.Cons:High demand for resources. ROLAP entails high utilization of various resources such as manpower, fixed assets throughout the analytical process (although not as demanding as other types). This is especially true when the ROLAP data model is subjected to fine-tuning and code customizations to improve or enhance its capabilities.Aggregatable data limitations. ROLAP tools make use of SQL for all computations of aggregatable data. But there are limits to the capability of SQL in handling computations, especially heavy ones, such as those involved in budgeting and financial reporting. R isks are high that results returned by SQL will have inaccuracies. This limitation may be addressed by customizations and recoding, but even that will require a lot.Slow query performance. Its query performance is slow, generally, when compared with MOLAP, regardless of the fact that ROLAP deals with larger data volumes. Often, this is attributed to the number of users simultaneously running ROLAP tools.Security issues. ROLAP makes it possible for anyone to have direct access to the data cells.Multi-dimensional OLAP, or MOLAPBasically, this is the typical cube-based OLAP that we have learned and talked about in the definition. It implements analytical processing of multidimensional data by using the OLAP Cube, or any data cube, to enable the analytic process to add dimensions as required.Any data loaded into the multidimensional database will be stored or archived within it, and will only be called up in the future when they are required.MOLAP is more effective when we are talking o f small- to medium-sized databases.Pros:High functionality while remaining compact. Performance is the strongest point on MOLAP, since it can manage, analyze and store considerable amounts of multidimensional data. Storage is optimized, thanks to compression techniques that keep data size on disk small as to be minimal.Fast database query performance. It can get quite irritating when analytical processing is bogged down by a slow database mostly due to inefficient, or lack, of storage. That is not an issue with MOLAP, where the analytical process can take place in the OLAP Cube. Compared to a ROLAP, MOLAP databases are considerably faster, with the duration for indexing becoming shorter.Automation of data calculation. Most MOLAP tools come packed with pre-calculated data sets, and this also contributes to the database’s fast overall performance.Fast and effective data retrieval. MOLAP is designed to pre-structure aggregated data and, combined with the automation of computation of data aggregates, a lot of the work is cut down, and the data retrieval process is also made easier. Users won’t have to jump through hoops to extract the data or information needed.Cons:High demand for resources. If ROLAP already has a high demand for resources, MOLAP proves to be more demanding, requiring more resources from the client.Limited scalability. MOLAP may be scaled up, but only to a certain extent.Increased possibility of data redundancy. Although this is not a general and frequent occurrence, there is still a risk of data redundancy.Hybrid OLAP, or HOLAPIn this system, there are two databases used: the aggregate data, or the totals, are stored in the multidimensional database. Meanwhile, the details, or the smaller bits and pieces of data, will be in the relational database. It is only when more detailed data is needed that they will be unloaded from the relational database and subsequently loaded into the multidimensional database.Basically, HOLAP combines the best p arts of ROLAP and HOLAP, resulting in a flexibility that allows it to use both relational data sources and the OLAP Cube, with its pre-calculation capabilities. This combination also works well in addressing the individual weaknesses of ROLAP and MOLAP.Pros:Optimized aggregate maintenance and storage. Its MOLAP features ensure that management of aggregated data is easy, and disk space is economized to ensure that it remains compact and won’t cause any issues with regard to access speed and convenience.Fast query performance. HOLAP’s usage of cube technology, which is apparent in MOLAP, enables faster performance for both broad and detailed data. In some HOLAP systems, the database storage is divided into two: large volumes of detailed data are stored in the relational section of the storage, while the smaller volumes of aggregated historical data are placed in the other (multidimensional) section.Dynamic updates. ROLAP requires instant updates, and that is incorporated into the HOLAP, allowing users real-time access to the data, while the MOLAP component guarantees that data were still subjected to cleaning and conversion for relevance in order to accurately reflect evolving structures. Even if the updates are instantaneous, the information will still be deemed useful and relevant for decision-making purposes.Cons:High level of complexity. This is probably the biggest disadvantage in HOLAP systems, arising from the fact that the server is expected to support both MOLAP and ROLAP tools and applications. This is likely to require higher technical know-how on the part of the staff assigned to maintain it, not to mention other resources required to run and operate a HOLAP for business intelligence.Potential overlaps. We are talking about two different system engines here. Somewhere along the way, there is bound to be some overlapping, especially when it comes to their functionalities. The only difference will be in the level of severity of these overlaps. The most common overlap is seen in the optimization techniques and potential redundancy of data in the storage. Data duplication is highly possible, with data appearing on both the ROLAP and MOLAP components.Hybrid Transaction/Analytical ProcessingHTAP is still relatively new as a technology, having been formally named and introduced only in 2014 by technology research firm, Gartner Inc. However, the concept has been around for as long as the idea of processing data through a computerized system has been introduced.While HOLAP combined the best features of MOLAP and ROLAP into a single architecture, HTAP boasts the combination of the capabilities of OLTP and OLAP into a single database, to ultimately enable real-time processing of business operational intelligence. In short, it introduces data systems that can perform online transaction AND analytical processing of data.Pros:More powerful processing. HTAP often entails the usage of new hardware and software platforms and, combined with the latest in-memory technologies, we are looking at a decidedly more powerful processing system with both OLTP and OLAP features and capabilities.Speeds up decision-making. With conventional OLAP alone, it will take time before data can be converted into a form that allows an informed decision to be made. OLTP, on the other hand, is not meant for analysis and decision-making, so using transactional data as basis for planning and other similar business processes is out of the question. HTAP bridges that gap by allowing transactional data obtained through OLTP to immediately undergo advanced analytics live so that managers, leaders and executives can make decisions immediately.Guaranteed data uniqueness. Replication and redundancy of data are eliminated, and this is made possible by the seamless integration of OLTP and OLAP features into the HTAP.Cons:High technological and other resource requirements. If you thought HOLAP demands a lot, then the higher level of complexity of HTAP me ans that it is even more demanding. Aside from the obvious requirement of advanced and updated technologies, hardware and software, HTAP also requires people with highly specialized experience and skills.There are other, lesser known and utilized OLAP systems or technologies, but these four are the major ones, currently being used by large corporations, business entities, and even governments. Other OLAP systems have come and gone, but these proved to be the more established technologies.Clearly, online processing in business intelligence is here to stay. There is no doubt that, sometime â€" maybe soon â€" in the future, other, better, technologies will be developed to supplant OLAP. Until then, business and even government leaders are bound to find many uses for it.

What is OLAP

What is OLAP © Shutterstock.com | phipatbigUsers of information come in all shapes and sizes, and they certainly have different reasons or objectives for looking for a specific data or piece of information. Certainly, a single set of data may be used by thousands of people with a hundred different purpose in mind, so it shouldn’t come as a surprise that their way of approaching the data will also vary.In recent years, processing information has become easier, thanks largely to technology playing a huge role. The computer, for example, has become one of the most essential technological tools or devices today, so much so that it is now quite difficult to imagine a time when we did not have the computer to rely on. Undoubtedly, business and industry are only two of the many fields or areas that greatly benefited from computer and information technology, particularly when it comes to its core operations as well as other business processes.Business intelligence, or BI, is one of those aspects that an enterprise or organization focuses a considerable amount of its resources on. You will find businesses investing on computer systems and applications â€" both software and hardware â€" to be used in its business processes.Basically, business intelligence encompasses all the tools, systems and infrastructure that an organization or business enterprises uses in its strategic planning and management process. These include software applications, programs, and other technologies that facilitate the collection, analysis and presentation of business information.Aside from being described as a set of utilities, BI is also often used to refer to the discipline for handling or managing information. This is why it also covers the best practices and activities such as data mining, querying, reporting, relational database, and â€" what we will focus on â€" online analytical processing.AN INTRODUCTION TO OLAPBI is a very broad category, and Online Analytical Processing is only one of the many tools contained in it. However, it is also one of the more useful and powerful tools, and proof of that is the large number of BI applications that make use of this technology.Online Analytical Processing, or OLAP, is a powerful data discovery tool designed to enable users to perform multidimensional analysis of data. It aids users to access, extract, and view data (using a computer) from different perspectives or points of view.OLAP demonstrates a slight variation from the “Online Transaction Processing” (or OLTP), which has a more traditional, simpler and more limited view, considering how it is primarily focused on transactions and transaction-oriented applications. It doesn’t look past the surface, so users are more focused on data entry, transaction processing, and retrieval. Think of the typical business applications used in day-to-day business operations, and it is highly probable that OLTP is used.With OLAP, however, the focus is much wider, going beyond a straight uni directional transaction to consider multiple dimensions. Thus, it is the technology designed primarily for decision support systems and management information systems of organizations.OLAP and OLTP are two different beans, but they belong on the same pod, which means that they are complementary technologies, working together to further solidify an enterprise’s business intelligence. Businesses require both, not just one or the other.We can gain better understanding of OLAP by taking note of how it differs from OLTP.OLAP application. As mentioned earlier, OLAP is mainly for the use of ‘knowledge workers’, such as managers and executives, who will require information for theirdecision-making. OLTP is more operational in its application, with employees and staff (for example, an IT professional) being the main users.OLAP outlook. OLAP takes a strategic stance, thinking long-term and historical instead of just a few weeks or months, which is the horizon that OLTP is looking at. Op erational information is not seen to have enough of an impact after, say, 10 or even 5 years from the time the transaction took place. Therefore, OLAP looks at the underlying information of these operational data to identify or establish trends over 5, 10, or more years.OLAP storage. OLAP data is stored in a multidimensional database, which makes sense, really, considering how users will be approaching the same data from different directions, with different objectives for their analyses. The “dimension” we are referring to in a multidimensional database is the data attribute. Users may look at the same data set, but will focus on different data attributes, depending on their objectives. For example, data on the annual sales of an automobile manufacturing company may be accessed by User A to analyze the sales trend within the 12-month period. User B is more regional in his approach, since his objective is to compare sales levels for the year in the different geographical location s or regions and recognize the best-performing country or region. User C, on the other hand, may want to use the data as basis for forecasting sales in units for the next five to ten years.OLAP emphasis. The emphasis of OLAP is on retrieval of information, which will be used in strategic decision-making. In contrast with operational or transactional decision-making, strategic decision-making is not something that is performed frequently, so as to require information in a snap. Thus, OLAP may be refreshed daily, weekly, or any frequency or timing for collecting and cleaning data for analysis later on. This will also allow for better indexing of information that can be easily retrieved even several years into the horizon. This is clearly not the case with OLTP, which puts emphasis on updating instantly and automatically.THE OLAP CUBEAt the core of the OLAP concept â€" and any OLAP system, for that matter â€" is the OLAP Cube. The cubic shape â€" and the arrangement of data into that s hape â€" represents how OLAP adheres to the principle of multidimensional analysis, resulting in a data structure designed for fast and effective data analysis, as opposed to the limitations attached to relational databases.Also called the “hypercube”, the OLAP Cube is described as consisting of “numeric facts (measures) categorized by facets (dimensions). Dimensions refer to the attributes that define a business issue or problem; to put it simply, a dimension is a label describing the measure. For example, in sales reporting, the measure will be the amount of sales, while the dimensions will often include the Sales Period, the Salespersons, the Product or Service Sold, and the Sales Region.In reporting manufacturing operations, the measure may be the Total Production Costs and the Units of Production. The dimensions will be the Date or Time of production, theProduction Stage or Phase, and maybe even the Workers involved in the production process.Usually, analysis of operation al information obtained from transactions may be performed through the use of simple spreadsheet, with the data values presented in rows and columns. This is fine, considering the two-dimensional nature of the data. It’s different in the case of OLAP, which involves a multidimensional data array, with data often obtained from different and unrelated sources â€" something a spreadsheet won’t be able to handle effectively and efficiently. The Cube, on the other hand, addresses that problem, and also ensures the storage of information in a logical and orderly manner.How does it work?A business collects data from different sources and presented in different formats, such as text files, multimedia files, Excel spreadsheets, an Access database, and even an OLTP database. All the data is gathered in a Data Warehouse, which is essentially a large repository or storage of data accumulated straight from sources.In the Data Warehouse, the raw data obtained from OLTP and other sources will be cleaned of any erroneous, incomplete, and inconsistent transactions or data. After cleaning and transformation, the cleaned data will be stored in a relational database.The data will then be loaded into the multidimensional OLAP server (or the OLAP Cube) for analysis.End users responsible for business applications, data mining and other data-intensive business operations will then access the information they require from the OLAP Cube. BASIC ANALYTICAL OPERATIONS OF OLAPThere are three basic analytical operations in OLAP:Roll-upAlso known as “consolidation”, roll-up involves accumulating all data that can be collected, and computing all their relationships in one or more dimensions. More often than not, this may require the application of a mathematical formula.As an example, take a look at a retail chain, with sales outlets in various cities within the state. In order to identify sales patterns and anticipate future sales trends, sales data from all of the outlets are “rol led up” to the company’s main sales department for consolidation and computation.Drill-downThis is the reverse of roll-up. It starts with a large set of data, and then broken down into its smaller parts, thereby allowing users to go through the details.In the retail chain example, the analyst will drill down by looking at the sales data and viewing the individual brands or products that are considered to be bestsellers in each of the sales outlets in the different cities.Slice and DiceThis analytical operations involves two actions: to take out a specific data set from the OLAP Cube (this is the “slicing” aspect of the analysis) and viewing it from various perspectives or angles (this is where “dicing” comes in).This can happen when all data â€" not just the sales data â€" of all sales outlets are obtained and entered into the hypercube. Management or the analyst will slice from the OLAP Cube the data set pertaining to sales, which will then be diced, or viewed in the an alysis of unit sales per region, while other users may focus in evaluating the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of the sales process. On the other hand, another can use the same data set in evaluating the effectiveness of the company’s marketing and advertising campaign.IMPACT OF OLAP ON BUSINESSYou will find OLAP in majority of business applications, across industries, benefiting not only the businesses but all other stakeholders as well.Speaking in general terms, we often hear OLAP being described as a vital tool for data mining operations. Some of its most common applications include:Financial Reporting, which also covers reporting on Sales and CostsBudgeting and Financial PlanningBusiness Process ManagementMarketing AnalysisSales AnalysisDatabase MarketingManagement Reportingand more…Industries continue to grow, which means that soon we will be seeing more applications of OLAP. Before that, though, let us try to take a look at the benefits of OLAP, in order to better unders tand why businesses integrate it into their business intelligence initiatives.OLAP systems are designed specifically for analysis. OLTP systems are highly valued by businesses, and you will find almost all businesses and enterprises using OLTP systems in their execution of transactions. However, they are not ideal for use in data analysis, and that is where OLAP comes in.OLAP serves as a “one-stop shop” for all business information needs. Imagine a set up where you, as the manager and decision-maker of a company, will have to use separate databases for every decision you make. For example, there will be a separate database for information to be used in planning and budgeting. Similarly, there will be another database for when the business will have to prepare business and financial reports. And then again, for monitoring and analysis purposes, there will be another database. That can be quite tedious, not to mention costly, having to maintain more than one or two databases. OLAP works to streamline that, creating only one platform for all your information requirements.OLAP ensures consistency of information. High-quality information â€" which is basically information that is reliable and, therefore, may be used with confidence as basis in making business decisions â€" must have consistency, and OLAP takes care of that aspect.OLAP provides predictive advantages. The multidimensional processing adapted by OLAP makes for a more dynamic analysis. This is the reason why OLAP systems and technologies are used to evaluate “what if” and alternate business scenarios.TYPES OF OLAP SYSTEMSNow let us take a look at the various types of OLAP Systems, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples of OLAP tools or products currently being used by businesses.Relational OLAP, or ROLAPThis system marries the standard operation of a relational database and the multidimensional nature of the data to be subjected to analysis. Analysis of the multidimensional data will a lso be conducted using other relational tools.In this method, the multidimensional database will obtain or load data from the relational database only when there is a need for those specific data. That means there is no data directly stored in the multidimensional database.If the database is medium to large, ROLAP is the appropriate OLAP system for you.Pros:High data efficiency. This is partly because access language and query performance are optimized specifically for the analysis of multidimensional data.The fact that the multidimensional basis will only draw data or information as and when needed means the database won’t be as vulnerable to speed problems as other system types.Scalability. ROLAP supports scalability in handling large volumes of data, and even when the amount of data is steadily increasing. This is also partly thanks to how the database is not too bogged down with too many unnecessary data loaded into it.More flexible tools. Even when the data is mostly textual or narrative, meaning they cannot be aggregated, computed, or even clearly quantified, ROLAP tools will still be able to handle them. It also offers convenience, such as when it comes to accessing data stored within the relational database. It does not require any special tool â€" not even an OLAP tool â€" to access the data, since any SQL reporting tool will do the job just as easily and effectively.Cons:High demand for resources. ROLAP entails high utilization of various resources such as manpower, fixed assets throughout the analytical process (although not as demanding as other types). This is especially true when the ROLAP data model is subjected to fine-tuning and code customizations to improve or enhance its capabilities.Aggregatable data limitations. ROLAP tools make use of SQL for all computations of aggregatable data. But there are limits to the capability of SQL in handling computations, especially heavy ones, such as those involved in budgeting and financial reporting. R isks are high that results returned by SQL will have inaccuracies. This limitation may be addressed by customizations and recoding, but even that will require a lot.Slow query performance. Its query performance is slow, generally, when compared with MOLAP, regardless of the fact that ROLAP deals with larger data volumes. Often, this is attributed to the number of users simultaneously running ROLAP tools.Security issues. ROLAP makes it possible for anyone to have direct access to the data cells.Multi-dimensional OLAP, or MOLAPBasically, this is the typical cube-based OLAP that we have learned and talked about in the definition. It implements analytical processing of multidimensional data by using the OLAP Cube, or any data cube, to enable the analytic process to add dimensions as required.Any data loaded into the multidimensional database will be stored or archived within it, and will only be called up in the future when they are required.MOLAP is more effective when we are talking o f small- to medium-sized databases.Pros:High functionality while remaining compact. Performance is the strongest point on MOLAP, since it can manage, analyze and store considerable amounts of multidimensional data. Storage is optimized, thanks to compression techniques that keep data size on disk small as to be minimal.Fast database query performance. It can get quite irritating when analytical processing is bogged down by a slow database mostly due to inefficient, or lack, of storage. That is not an issue with MOLAP, where the analytical process can take place in the OLAP Cube. Compared to a ROLAP, MOLAP databases are considerably faster, with the duration for indexing becoming shorter.Automation of data calculation. Most MOLAP tools come packed with pre-calculated data sets, and this also contributes to the database’s fast overall performance.Fast and effective data retrieval. MOLAP is designed to pre-structure aggregated data and, combined with the automation of computation of data aggregates, a lot of the work is cut down, and the data retrieval process is also made easier. Users won’t have to jump through hoops to extract the data or information needed.Cons:High demand for resources. If ROLAP already has a high demand for resources, MOLAP proves to be more demanding, requiring more resources from the client.Limited scalability. MOLAP may be scaled up, but only to a certain extent.Increased possibility of data redundancy. Although this is not a general and frequent occurrence, there is still a risk of data redundancy.Hybrid OLAP, or HOLAPIn this system, there are two databases used: the aggregate data, or the totals, are stored in the multidimensional database. Meanwhile, the details, or the smaller bits and pieces of data, will be in the relational database. It is only when more detailed data is needed that they will be unloaded from the relational database and subsequently loaded into the multidimensional database.Basically, HOLAP combines the best p arts of ROLAP and HOLAP, resulting in a flexibility that allows it to use both relational data sources and the OLAP Cube, with its pre-calculation capabilities. This combination also works well in addressing the individual weaknesses of ROLAP and MOLAP.Pros:Optimized aggregate maintenance and storage. Its MOLAP features ensure that management of aggregated data is easy, and disk space is economized to ensure that it remains compact and won’t cause any issues with regard to access speed and convenience.Fast query performance. HOLAP’s usage of cube technology, which is apparent in MOLAP, enables faster performance for both broad and detailed data. In some HOLAP systems, the database storage is divided into two: large volumes of detailed data are stored in the relational section of the storage, while the smaller volumes of aggregated historical data are placed in the other (multidimensional) section.Dynamic updates. ROLAP requires instant updates, and that is incorporated into the HOLAP, allowing users real-time access to the data, while the MOLAP component guarantees that data were still subjected to cleaning and conversion for relevance in order to accurately reflect evolving structures. Even if the updates are instantaneous, the information will still be deemed useful and relevant for decision-making purposes.Cons:High level of complexity. This is probably the biggest disadvantage in HOLAP systems, arising from the fact that the server is expected to support both MOLAP and ROLAP tools and applications. This is likely to require higher technical know-how on the part of the staff assigned to maintain it, not to mention other resources required to run and operate a HOLAP for business intelligence.Potential overlaps. We are talking about two different system engines here. Somewhere along the way, there is bound to be some overlapping, especially when it comes to their functionalities. The only difference will be in the level of severity of these overlaps. The most common overlap is seen in the optimization techniques and potential redundancy of data in the storage. Data duplication is highly possible, with data appearing on both the ROLAP and MOLAP components.Hybrid Transaction/Analytical ProcessingHTAP is still relatively new as a technology, having been formally named and introduced only in 2014 by technology research firm, Gartner Inc. However, the concept has been around for as long as the idea of processing data through a computerized system has been introduced.While HOLAP combined the best features of MOLAP and ROLAP into a single architecture, HTAP boasts the combination of the capabilities of OLTP and OLAP into a single database, to ultimately enable real-time processing of business operational intelligence. In short, it introduces data systems that can perform online transaction AND analytical processing of data.Pros:More powerful processing. HTAP often entails the usage of new hardware and software platforms and, combined with the latest in-memory technologies, we are looking at a decidedly more powerful processing system with both OLTP and OLAP features and capabilities.Speeds up decision-making. With conventional OLAP alone, it will take time before data can be converted into a form that allows an informed decision to be made. OLTP, on the other hand, is not meant for analysis and decision-making, so using transactional data as basis for planning and other similar business processes is out of the question. HTAP bridges that gap by allowing transactional data obtained through OLTP to immediately undergo advanced analytics live so that managers, leaders and executives can make decisions immediately.Guaranteed data uniqueness. Replication and redundancy of data are eliminated, and this is made possible by the seamless integration of OLTP and OLAP features into the HTAP.Cons:High technological and other resource requirements. If you thought HOLAP demands a lot, then the higher level of complexity of HTAP me ans that it is even more demanding. Aside from the obvious requirement of advanced and updated technologies, hardware and software, HTAP also requires people with highly specialized experience and skills.There are other, lesser known and utilized OLAP systems or technologies, but these four are the major ones, currently being used by large corporations, business entities, and even governments. Other OLAP systems have come and gone, but these proved to be the more established technologies.Clearly, online processing in business intelligence is here to stay. There is no doubt that, sometime â€" maybe soon â€" in the future, other, better, technologies will be developed to supplant OLAP. Until then, business and even government leaders are bound to find many uses for it.

The Case Of Evan Motts Assisting His Wife s Euthanasia Essay

I am going to discuss in this essay the case of Evan Motts assisting his wife s euthanasia. I will cover the ethical issues regarding this topic including whether or not Evan should be punished. I will look at the theories of Kantian Ethics and Utilitarianism to justify whether or not Evan s actions were morally right. An Auckland man is facing a charge that carries a maximum penalty of 14 years after assisting his terminally ill wife to commit suicide. Evan Mott researched suicide methods and put together a kit to assist his 55 year old wife, Rosemary Mott, who had been diagnosed with an incurable, aggressive form of multiple sclerosis a few years before. On December 28th 2011, Rosemary asked her husband to leave the house, when he returned she was dead. It is believed that the family knew about the planned suicide. Evan Mott is now scheduled to appear in Auckland District Court this month for a plea enquiry hearing on charges of assisting suicide (Man charged with helping wife die, 2012). The key ethical issues of this case include, whether terminally ill patients should be able to make the choice whether they want to end their life, or should they suffer in pain to their unavoidable death. Is it fair that someone puts their loved one out of their misery and makes them happy but still receives a similar punishment to that of a murderer. The key ethical issue I am looking at is whether Evan Motts should be punished for assisting his wife s euthanasia. The theory of

Juveniles Being Tried as Adults - 1328 Words

Throughout the past 30 years or so, the idea of a juvenile or teenager being tried as an adult has been a very controversial issue. When a juvenile commits a very heinous crime, many believe that that youth deserves to be tried as an adult, and given a full sentence. Some even believe that these juveniles deserve to go to adult prison. When a child kills, does he instantly become an adult? Or does he maintain some trappings of childhood, despite the gravity of his actions? (Reaves Para 1). What draws the line between a juvenile and adult crime? Sentencing shouldnt change between a juvenile and an adult. Our criminal justice system should stay true to its title and provide justice for all of those that may have been effected by a murder†¦show more content†¦Many Researchers believe that by the age of fourteen, an adolescent has the same ability as an adult to make a competent decision, nevertheless, according to some observers, a juveniles ability to theoretically understand the difference between right and wrong does not mean that she or he should be held to the same standards of competency as an adult (Gaines and Miller 508). While many believe that juveniles should not be tried as adults, just as many believe the opposite. As stated earlier, juvenile crime has seen a great increase in the late 2000s. Can trying them as adults help fix our problem? Will these youths be able to see that there is a chance at extended consequences and choose not to commit the crime because of that? Everyone needs to be held accountable for their actions. Murder is something that is very taboo in our society, and most children can positively see the consequences of it. When you take someones life, there are major repercussions to that. Why should your age change that? If a child were to commit a murder, and walked away uncharged, how would that help them? They would view the criminal justice system as a joke. Why wouldnt you move on to worse crime if you know that there w ill be no consequences to it? When a child makes an adult decision, then why shouldnt they be charged as an adult? You cant say that a child doesnt know what theyre doing when they decide to take someones life. We are all taught to fearShow MoreRelatedJuveniles Being Tried As Adults1238 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Juveniles Being Tried as Adults† There are articles or news reports every once and a while about juveniles committed heinous crimes, but not serving any real time for the crime. Juveniles or even adults should not serve a few years for murder or rape. 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Things You Wont Like About Perspective Article and Things You Will

Things You Won't Like About Perspective Article and Things You Will Specific population groups with higher smoking prevalence may come across ECs helpful. The converging lines also draw our focus to the 2 figures. Thus are collinear and we're done. Leads to greater aggression. Trainees are typical targets of bullying. Psychology is likewise very broad touching on many different fields. Because no rotation is needed. The price of germ line testing has plummeted in the last few years. It ought to be knitted with the reflective process of action research and offer a chance for the dedicated implementers to elevate the flag for individual competence for a foreword to subsequent reward and recognition. The very first is that there is increasing evidence which our comprehension of the failure mechanisms of tailings could possibly be imperfect. The deployment from test to production needs to be automated using deployment scripts to prevent the possible human errors and to lessen the deployment price. Growth is the consequence of how you utilize the folks around you, and make opportunities for yourself. Recent approaches to EC regulation differ from nation to nation. Human trafficking is now a worldwide issue it has come to be an organized crime. Goodreads helps you keep an eye on books that you want to read. Finally (part 3), this post will supply a considerable collection of resources for more reading, many of which are easily on the Web. I trust you will listen and consider what's being said, like I hope you have with the other articles. Opinion articles are by and large based on constructive criticism and ought to be backed by evidence. There are many anatomic, pathophysiologic and patient considerations that are essential to coincide with the ideal patient to the correct therapeutic approach that will act as the absolute most durable option to take care of their mitral valve disease. Too many individuals misunderstand genetic screening. We can only rely upon the person's own evaluation of their experience. Indeed, there are a lot of inconsistencies of college readiness standards to the other side of the U.S.. Definitions of Perspective Article This informative article includes everything an Art student has to know about drawing in 1 point perspective. And first and foremost, I'd discovered my love for writing. Psychology is referred to as a pre-paradigmatic science meaning that there's not a single means of looking at things that all psychologists agree upon. On the other hand, the author needs to get in-depth understanding of the topic. It is very important to remain highly attuned to the simple fact that not all people today share our personal views and beliefs of earth. The educated Muslims who speak English are extremely much portion of the audience but the purpose is to reach out beyond those areas to folks who want to know more about the very best of worldwide news and aren't particularly Muslim. At work, each individual has to consider every other person's demands and suggestions to find out how to compliment or increase the team effort, rather than to detract from it. Humanism also suggests that folks possess personal agency and that they're motivated to apply this completely free will to pursue things which will help them achieve their whole potential as human beings. The huge question, however, is who will watch. Unsurprisingly, there may be serious ambiguity about whether or not a particular event is in reality prohibiting. What follows is a short tour of their perspectives. The answer, naturally, is that we are able tonot.

Transformational Leadership and Employee Creativity †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Transformational Leadership and Employee Creativity. Answer: Introduction This literature review address and defines the problem in the department of food and beverage of a hotel. The key aim of this literature review is to provide depth assessment of the issue by classifying its main element into different variables and explaining each variable individually before developing an association between them (Cole,2016). The research issue is initially addressed the general idea regarding hospitality industry together with food and beverage department. Under the identification stage, the role of employee satisfaction is discussed. Further, the impact of career progression on job satisfaction in FB department of a hotel is addressed as the research concern. This issue is selected due to high contribution of staff and workforces in the company in hospitality sector (Dessler,2014). In the hospitality industry, employees build the goodwill of a corporation by positively interact with the guest. This interaction may put down the last impression in the customers mind and also improves the loyalty of the customer. Therefore, employee satisfaction is a significant problem for each hospitality company. The impact of career progression on job satisfaction is exemplified in the literature review chapter. In this way, career progression is defined as an independent variable by using different journal article by supporting it with theory. Moreover, job satisfaction is explained as a dependent variable by using two different theories which are supported by the different textbook, and a journal article (Robbins,et. al., 2015). In the last, this research has discussed the interrelationship between two different variables i.e. career progression and job satisfaction. Identification of the Problem There are many researchers which discuss regarding guest and their satisfaction in the hospitality sector. However, these are not explaining the role of employees and their sustainability on job satisfaction. Moreover, different factors may affect the morale and satisfaction of workforces in the hospitality sector, particularly in the food and beverage (FB) section. Although, these factors can be addressed yet, it is not limited to career progression, pay scale, and management, working hour, immediate supervision and job nature. This research problem is addressed that constancy in career progression may influence the job satisfaction in the FB section in hospitality sector (Tesone,2013). Under this research issue, career progression is independent variable and job satisfaction is the dependent variable. This literature review discusses regarding the issue of job satisfaction and career progression. Both variables are explained earlier developing an interrelationship between the same. According to Walker and Miller (2015), the hospitality organization is act as service-oriented sector and relied on the clients and guests who use these services. These facilities are transferred by the workforces at the workplace and hence they are a valuable asset to a company in the hospitality sector. In addition, the food and beverage division is developed in the front of the hotel in which employees interact with the guest. It is established with the intention of contacting the guest in the hotel. It is assessed that employees can be motivated by assigning them effective responsibility as per their skills consequently; it will satisfy them with respect to their job and make progress in their career. In contrast to this, Zainal (2012) stated that the depth understanding of the career progression, hospitality, and promotion opportunity is significant for employees. Since, in the current scenario, people highly spent more money, time and efforts to make a career in the hospitality. For gathering the information regarding food and beverage division, high amount of physical skills are essential for the workforces. As a result, these skills are effective to exhibit the knowledge of FB division. Along with this, different soft skills are required for this division to deal with the guest interaction and their satisfaction. Hospitality sector job can be complex for employees as there is need of getting satisfaction at each level of the hierarchy structure. Career progression cannot be a sole cause of the existence of career prolonged in the hospitality industry. Since, career prolonged is increased by enhancing the procedure of socialization and induction with acknowledgment of professio nal recognition of employees at the workplace. In the current scenario, hospitality career is associated with an upwards career path and hence employees want to grab the opportunities to get satisfaction with their job. In the view of Zopiatis et al. (2014), the food and beverage department is attractive for employees as compared to housekeeping and kitchen division. Further, it encourages the employees to get rapid progression and growth at higher management level as per their skills and knowledge. In the hospitality sector, employees can forget the practice of food and beverage however it is measured as one of the significant resources for promotion and growth. In the case of inadequate promotion and growth, high amount of employees can be discouraged in their existing roles and responsibilities. Therefore, career progression is one of significant aspect for workforces who want to pursue hospitality sector as their vocation. There is significant association amid the achievement of hospitality firms and selection of the right person and human resources because labors are valuable resources within hospitality firm. There is key concern regarding employee attraction within the hospitality industry. P erception about the career attractiveness in Hospitality in both short and long-term is significant factors to influence the skill and proficient employees. On the other hand, Deery and Jago (2015) evaluated that company should offer quality work experience to their employees as it will influence them to make a future career decision. It is a significant strategy to persuade the highly educated and talented employees towards the organization in the hospitality sector. It is also analyzed that employees who work in the hospitality sector are looking forward to being engaged within the large hotel and expected to build their career in the same organization. Furthermore, they have a different choice for certain divisions, sectors, and chains in the hospitality sector. There is a large number of employees who expected to reach corporate and general management position in next ten to twelve years of graduating. These expectations do not seem on the right track of their career progression during the constancy in leaving employees and job frustration among employees. As per the view of Kong et al. (2015), career is essential for each person who is emphasized on the work and wants to grow themselves both individually and professionally. To gain the knowledge about the bright future, a person should pool the facts and figures regarding a career as it is an essential component to make a career decision. Individual who focuses on their career may look for the appropriate data from secondary and primary sources. In this way, a large amount of data is persuaded by contemporary online and social network. It is analyzed that there is direct association amid career attitude and performance. Hence, individual should be high awareness about career decision making the procedure as it can reveal the career progression. In support to this, Kang et al. (2015) stated that in the current business scenario, individuals are becoming aware regarding their careers and also certain persons are paying attention to a career as well driven by their aim and objectives. In this way, there are high chances for a person to get quick growth and promotion opportunities in their career. In the hospitality industry, employees cannot get quick growth and career progression hence they get disappointed with their job. There is a deviation in the belief of hospitality students and industry experts which creates complexities for a person to get career progression. In the current era, people think that knowledge and skills are required for a good and successful career in the hospitality industry while industry experts feel that charisma with the personality of an employee is required over the skills to get career progression. McPhail et al. (2015) elaborated that people think that being a good communicator is essential to get prompt promotion with getting career progression while the experts of the hospitality industry are making believe that initiatives should be taken by employees in their work to get career progression. In the hospitality industry, manager identifies the industry values and attitudinal attitudes as compared to skills among employees. Career progression should rely on the skills and knowledge but it is not the only ones that may assess the promotion. Since, experience and temperament are essential to assess the promotion in the hospitality industry. Under the food and beverage division, charisma, appeal, and personality are integrated with the enthusiasm of taking initiatives as it effectively aids an employee to build their skills and provides a way to reach the upward position in their career. As per the view of Wan et al. (2014), the theory of career choice defines that in choosing the career in the hospitality industry, people prefer to jobs in which they can be around other people who like them. They find the atmosphere which will permit them to use their abilities and skills and demonstrate their values and attitudes for solving the problem and perform their roles. As per this theory, the behavior of a person is assessed by the link between atmosphere and personality. Further, there is six model of the occupational environment which is related to personality type named realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional. Each atmosphere is dominated by the different type of personality and is characterized by physical setting and special situations. In contrast to this, Karatepe and Karadas (2015) evaluated that career development professional highly exercises the Hollands theory of vocational choice. It is relevant to orient the people towards their work and facilitating a methodical way for their career progression. This theory is also effective to make career decision and plan. Hollands theory is contributed to management and ease of access and also directly impact on the organizational performance. This theory also addresses the career decision-making issue which is faced by individuals and youth in their career development. In the hospitality sector, the company uses Hollands theory of vocational choice in human resource issue from selection and staffing of a person to implementing mentoring and succession planning initiatives. This theory is also exercised to conduct legal action against the disputes regarding earning capacity. According to Chiang et al. (2014), a career counsel is serving as an expert witness in solving the food and beverage case. For example, Hollands theory is applied for proposing the strategy and aids food and beverage manager to make changes within the organization after the phase of absence and underemployment. This theory is also highly exercised between counselor of vocational rehabilitation to support an individual who is disabled to attain their objectives and career development. After identifying the disabled issue, this theory focuses on the ways to solve it. As a result, it can be stated that Hollands theory is effective for a person to get career progression. Dependent Variable (Employee Satisfaction) As per the view of Tongchaiprasit and Ariyabuddhiphongs (2016), an individual spends their lot of time at the workplaces particularly workforces who deals in the hospitality sector. It is analyzed that while people spend their most of time at the workplace then motivation is essential for them to conduct good job performance. In the modern practices, enthusiastic people is contributed their efforts to attain the objectives of the company due to a competitive edge. Along with this, the link amid job satisfaction and employees management is essential in the hospitality sector. It is analyzed that employees who work in good management has high morale and also provides positive job satisfaction. There are different factors which are considered in employee management such as perks, praise, appreciation, and motivation. It is beneficial to improve the employee morale in working in food and beverage division. Another way of providing the job satisfaction is involving the employees in the de cision-making process of an organization. Further, hospitality organization also emphasizes the customer satisfaction because there is a significant association between employees and customer satisfaction. It is also analyzed that employees satisfaction is not influenced by customers satisfaction, however, customers satisfaction is influenced by the employees satisfaction in the hospitality sector. It is also evaluated that perception of guest about the brand highly relies on the employees behavior. As per the view of Chen et al. (2014), Herzberg has categorized the job factors into two broad manners named hygiene and motivational factor. In this way, hygiene factors are considered as job factor which is significant for motivating the employees in food and beverage division of an organization. However, these factors do not encourage for obtaining favorable satisfaction at long-term. It is also analyzed that if these factors are absent and non-existed within an organization then it could lead to job dissatisfaction among employees at the workplace. In support of this, Karatepe et al. (2014) stated that hygiene factors provides adequate reason and pacify the employees in the job and also effective to satisfy them. These factors are extrinsic at the workplace. Hygiene factors are alias dissatisfier and safeguarding factor which is required to avoid dissatisfaction. These factors elaborate the job environment in the hospitality industry. This factor incorporates the physiological requirement that a person wants and a prospect to attain. In contrast to this, Tschopp et al. (2014) stated that hygiene factor cannot be considered as a motivator because these factors yield favorable satisfaction. These factors are highlighted on the intrinsic factor at working place. It also encourages the employees to better performance. Employees are rewarded intrinsically in the workplace in the hospitality industry. The motivator is denoted as the psychological needs. It is observed as an additional benefit. According to Walsh et al. (2015), Maslows hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory which entails five-tier models of human needs. It is demonstrated as hierarchy levels within a pyramid. It is stated that people are encouraged to attain particular needs and that certainly needs to take priority over other needs. The basic need is for physical existence and it is first things that encourage the behavior of an individual. After accomplishing the physical needs, people motivate to achieve others needs. People initially gratify the lower level shortage needs before moving ahead on higher level development needs. This theory can be used by an employee at the workplace to satisfy their needs. Thus, it can be stated that in the hospitality industry, food and beverage manager should motivate the employees by satisfying their needs as it could be beneficial to improve the organizational performance. Interrelationship between Dependant and Independent Variable Researcher develops the interrelationship between independent and dependent variable as it will aid to elaborate the research issue comprehensibly. In this way, Yang and Lau (2015) stated that career commitment and stable career is the key driving forces which affect job satisfaction of a large number of employees. Job satisfaction demonstrates the impact of peoples satisfaction on career commitment. There is high correlation amid job satisfaction and career and hence it is significant to comprehend the same by identifying each factor individually. Thus, the issue can be understood by a combination of two variables. Job satisfactory of a person highly relies on their career progression. Along with this, career progression is not depending on the satisfaction of employees as it relies on different factors. Job satisfaction may have a favorable impact on the working skills and abilities of employees (Lee, et. al., 2015). As a result, it can be stated that job satisfaction could aid emp loyees in growing their career however it does not demonstrate their direct effects on a career while career progression has a direct impact on the satisfaction level of employees. In support of this, Chan and Mai (2015) stated that the key cause of participating and involving the employees in the decision-making process is increasing the opportunity for career progression and advancement. In the current business scenario, it is analyzed that business is losing their employees and also unable to replace them. Further, in the hospitality sector, mid-level managers and senior level managers are remaining half in five years. These are concerning statistics for an organization because it loses their amount of investment in recruiting new people and staff turnover. In the hospitality sector, it is also analyzed that cost of hiring new employees is twice of old one. Thus, managers should hire the skill and talented person to compete in the market even in the cut-throat competition in the hospitality industry. Furthermore, appreciating, empowering, motivating, and offering a growth opportunity to employees is beneficial to meet the business needs (Wang, et. al., 2014) . These factors satisfy them to get the career progression. In the food and beverage division, there is high pressure on dealing with different kinds of guest as hotel manager should use the empowerment and motivation technique to encourage the employees towards the work. As per the above analysis and interpretation, it can be concluded that there is a strong association between job satisfaction of employees and their career progression. It is evaluated that career progression is identified as independent variable while job satisfaction is recognized as the dependent variable. Career progression is discussed by using the different journal article and textbooks. The literature review exemplified that career progression is a significant factor in current scenario as it is driven by aim and objectives. Further, it is evaluated that a large number of people uses the career-centric approach in their life. Hence, they expected to get rapid development and promotion opportunities at the workplace. It is also analyzed that employees satisfaction is used as dependent variable. Employees satisfaction relies on different factors like nature of the job, working hour, immediate management and remuneration. The organization should measure the satisfaction level amo ng their employees. There are different theory is used in the dependent variable part that could be used by the company to enhance the employee satisfaction. At the last, it can be concluded that there is an interrelationship between two variables. It shows that job satisfaction is persuaded by the career opportunities in the hospitality sector. Thus, it could be stated that dependent variable i.e. job satisfaction highly depends on the independent variable i.e. career progression. It can be also summarized that there are few statistical constraint and data limitation which shows the facts and figures regarding both variables in the individual discussion. This chapter of research demonstrates the techniques that will be used in the actual research. As a result, it will aid to gain depth understanding research issue and reach the reliable and valid conclusion. Further, this research will also use mix research design to attain the research objectives in a systematic manner. This research design is selected due to containing the characteristics of both qualitative and quantitative research design. Qualitative research design would be effective to provide theoretical information regarding research issue while quantitative research design will be used to pool the statistical data associated with the research topic. This data will be collected via interview (Karatepe, and Karadas, 2014). This report also explains that sample of the population will be used to conduct the interview to support the research. These samples will be selected from different sampling tools and population sample. It also discusses that data collection technique which will be used to complete the research in a systematic way. This research also describes the ethical consideration which should be used by a researcher during data collection to complete the research in ethical boundaries. At the last, this research describes the limitation which will confront by the researcher to carry out the research (Lpez-Cabarcos, et. al., 2015). The methodology can be defined as the devise or concept that researchers use in their research to assess the facts. But, the methodology can be exercised in the larger structure of research description. This research will use qualitative methodology approach by conducting the interview with employees from Food and beverage division. As a result, it could be beneficial to reach the findings and conclusions. It is analyzed that axial coding is a significant technique which aids to disaggregating the core theme in a qualitative analysis. It can be stated that career progression and employees satisfaction is two different aspects which are used in this research and axial coding will aid to segregate them during the literature review (Mostafa, and Gould-Williams, 2014). Population, Sampling Technique, Population sample (Characteristics) The population is used for the qualitative research in which hotels in Australia are used as population and food and beverage division of Hilton Sydney Hotel is used as a sample. Furthermore, 50 employees who work in food and beverage division of Hilton Sydney Hotel will be selected as sample size. Sampling technique is used to select the adequate number of components from vast population hence result analyzed from the sample could be generalized. For this research, individual will be selected from the same department like food and beverage division who gone through the career progression and have a high and low level of job satisfaction during this phase. These people will be selected to acquire reliable and valid findings from their experience. For this research, non-probability sampling will be used to select the sample size. Under this, convenience sampling will be used to select the respondents as per the convenience (Jung, and Yoon, 2015). Data collection is defined as a procedure to gather the data and then determining the same in systematic manner as it could help to evaluate the result. Innovation in data collection is effective to measure the behavior of participants. Hence, it would be beneficial to get the reliable and valid outcome regarding research. Data collection is based on the two sources named secondary and primary. For this research, primary data will be collected by the researcher to get fresh information and reach a reliable conclusion while secondary data is collected from existing sources. The researchers will also useful sources of primary data to conduct the research in an authentic manner because this information is obtained from first hand instead using available resources. Primary data can be collected via observation, interview, survey through questionnaire and focus group (Cheung, et. al., 2014). In this research, the researcher will use interview method to collect the primary data. In conduct ing the interview, research will use structure interview as it would be beneficial to gather the depth information regarding research issue. Data analysis is a key factor which influences the results and obtains findings of qualitative research. This method demonstrates the single phase from different alternatives of the qualitative research process. Data analysis part highly relies on the research model. In the certain model, data analysis is intangible and can be implemented in parallel while, in a certain model, analysis can be conducted after data gathering process (Lee, 2016). Further, quantitative data analysis approach will be used a researcher to make valid inferences from obtained collected data by interviewing the employees in FB division. Along with this, data reduction technique can be used to rearrange and combine the pooled data into the theoretical form. These data will be shown by research in a systematic manner which is convenience and ease to make conclusion and findings. This research will also use the inductive approach in which impact of career progression on job satisfaction will be observed to accomplish the research objectives (Brown, et. al., 2014). This approach is also called post-positivism approach. Ethical Considerations Ethical consideration should be used to decide the ethical boundaries of research. There is a certain restriction which will be used to avoid unethical conduct from research. It is analyzed that pooling information through quantitative research could be unproblematic as compared to qualitative research hence researcher should use ethical guidelines. Moreover, confidentiality and consent of participants is a key issue for the researcher. This research will be conducted by focusing on ethical limitation and boundaries. In this way, the researcher will take care to provide respect and keep the dignity of participants by helping them (Prayag, and Hosany, 2015). The researcher will also not use the confidential data which can harm and injury to the participant and also be cautious to provide care to them. Every research has a certain limitation in a different manner. It is analyzed that this research can face certain limitation during the research and to reach the conclusion. This research is conducted to analyze the impact of career progression on job satisfaction of any workforces who are in food and beverage division of a hotel. The researcher will gather the data from 50 employees which would hard to select to reach the specific conclusion (Lee, 2016). Conclusion As per the above interpretation, it can be concluded that this methodology defines the different kinds of research methods that will be used to aid the particular research in order to reach a specific conclusion. It can be also summarized that research methodology is developed to explain the population, sampling techniques, and sample size which will be used to conduct actual research. Along with this, data gathering technique is implemented for this research to move forwards on the data analysis strategy. This research also demonstrates the ethical consideration and limitation that should be considered by the researcher during the research. References Brown, E. A., Arendt, S. W., Bosselman, R. H. (2014). Hospitality management graduates perceptions of career factor importance and career factor experience.International Journal of Hospitality Management,37, 58-67. Chan, S. H. J., Mai, X. (2015). The relation of career adaptability to satisfaction and turnover intentions.Journal of Vocational Behavior,89, 130-139. Chen, Y., Friedman, R., Simons, T. (2014). The gendered trickle-down effect: how mid-level managers satisfaction with senior managers supervision affects line employees turnover intentions.Career Development International,19(7), 836-856. Cheung, C., Kong, H., Song, H. (2014). How to influence hospitality employee perceptions of hotel brand performance?.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(8), 1162-1178. Chiang, F. F., Birtch, T. A., Cai, Z. (2014). Front-line service employees job satisfaction in the hospitality industry: The influence of job demand variability and the moderating roles of job content and job context factors.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,55(4), 398-407. Cole,K. (2016). Management: Theory practice (6thed.). Australia: Cengage Learning. Deery, M., Jago, L. (2015). 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Their eyes were watching god Essay Example

Their eyes were watching god Paper Hurst has a happy ending Weldon describes. Jeanie in the end reconciliations and reassess herself spiritually. When Janis?s final husband of this book dies she really gets love. All of what shes been through has really taught her what love really is. She says, Love is lack De sea. Its uh moving thing, but still and all, it takes its shape from De here it meets, and its different with every 191). Not that the ending is joyful and ecstatic but the ending is enlightening to Jeanie. An enlightening ending is an ending that may not leave you happy for the main character but it doesnt leave you with a bad taste in your mouth. Genies enlightenment about love and her life is something she will carry on for the rest of her life. Genies quest for true love satisfies her by the end of the book. There isnt any point in trying to search for true love because she already found it and it dies with Teacake. We will write a custom essay sample on Their eyes were watching god specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Their eyes were watching god specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Their eyes were watching god specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Genies hunger for love stretches across three long marriages. This can be compared to a super bowl team after they win the super bowl. The super bowl team is already the best in the world so whats the point in trying again? Jeanie has come through a huge moral development since the beginning. This is also one of the parts in Welders happy ending. At the beginning Jeanie believes that true love will appear after marriage and that it doesnt happen fore (thanks to her grandmother). Her second marriage was a different moral development, one that strengthened her to find a good man. The last marriage developed her into what true love is really about. This entire book boils down into a Weldon happy ending. It involves moral development, spiritual reassessment, and reconciliation. Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay Example Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay Their Eyes Were Watching God: Analysis of Symbols Throughout the course of Their Eyes Were Watching God, written by Zora Neale Hurston, one learns about the struggles of marriage, love, identity and freedom through the character of Janie Mae Crawford, a young woman striving to find what she feels to be the perfect marriage. Hurston uses many symbols in this novel to describe the characters as well as the circumstances. Many of Janie’s experiences are based on some type of symbol that displays her outlook on different situations. Hurston shows symbolism though Janie’s head rags, nature and the pear tree and the hurricane. The head rags in this novel symbolize conformity and control. Janie, being born with a mixed ancestral background, has the features of both a woman of color, as well as a Caucasian woman. This brings both positive and negative feedback from people who live around her and her three husbands. The one who, in a way, envies her hair the most is her second husband, Mayor Joe Starks. He is obsessed with power and dominance and he feels that Janie is only there to make him look superior as the mayor of Eatonville. We will write a custom essay sample on Their Eyes Were Watching God specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Their Eyes Were Watching God specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Their Eyes Were Watching God specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When Janie is required to work at the store, Jody also forces her to tie up her hair in rags to keep her naturally long, Caucasian like textured hair. He uses the head rags to show Janie and the others around the store that he is still in control. He does not want anyone getting close enough to Janie that could influence her to leave him. Also, with Janie’s hair tied up around the store, her power is taken from her. Joe makes it clear to Janie that she would be nothing without him forcing her to stay and do whatever he asked of her; even if she did not agree with it. Janie is embarrassed by the head rags and does not feel that she can do anything to change the situation. Therefore, she submits herself to Joe’s power and control. No longer is Janie a woman with a voice. She does only what she is told. By wearing the head rags, she does what is accepted to keep Joe happy; even if she is not. Once Joe is about to die, Janie finally stands up for herself and what she believes. This makes Jody angry because he feels that he is losing the battle. When he dies, Janie pulls off the head rag and exposes what had been hidden inside for so long. She marvels at her own beauty and ultimately the power she lost during her marriage with Jody through those simple head rags. The removal of the head rag symbolizes the gain of independence. â€Å"She tore off the kerchief from her head and let down her plentiful hair. The weight, the length, the glory was there† (108). She is not in Jody’s control any longer. For Janie, the head rags were a sign that she was not an individual, but a help mate. Hurston’s use of nature and the pear tree helps to symbolize Janie’s approach to womanhood as well as her view of love and her connection with nature. Hurston vividly illustrates†¦ the image of the blossoming pear tree kissed by singing bees, which is Janie’s picture of romantic love† (Williams 1869). For Janie, the blossoming pear tree was the perfect picture of love and marriage. When Janie goes to watch the bees from under the tree, she looks up and feels that she knows what marriage was suppose d to be about. â€Å"So this was a marriage! She had been summoned to behold a revelation† (28). Janie found herself intrigued by the pear tree and the bees that pollinated the tree. From this point on in the story, Janie searches for the perfect love as displayed by the pear tree. This pear tree, as well as nature, symbolizes the connection she feels to nature. When the storm in the Everglades arrives, she realizes that it is time to leave because of the way she connected with nature. From her early womanhood, she held a connection to the earth that she felt she could not part with. â€Å"She had been spending every minute that she could steal from her chores under that tree for the last three days†¦ It had called her to come and gaze on a mystery†¦ It stirred her tremendously† (27). This shows that Janie had been interested in nature from a very young age. Whenever she was angry or upset, she went to the river or back to the tree to find comfort and peace. Other than Pheoby Watson, this was basically her only friend. The hurricane represents death and destruction. After the hurricane, death filled the street and water. So much had been destroyed by the hurricane and only the wreckage was left behind. In chapter 19, Hurston refers to the hurricane as â€Å"the time of dying† (192). The raging wind and rain had destroyed whole towns in its wrath and those who survived now had to clean up what the storm had left behind. Saw the hand of horror on everything. Houses without roofs, and roofs without houses. Steel and stone all crushed and crumbled like wood. The mother of malice had trifled with men† (193). Tea Cake and many other men were put to work to find and separate the bodies of those who did not survive and put them into graves as to get them out of the streets and the sewer system. Tea Cake, however, just wanted to go b ack to the muck and start working again. The Woods could only stand back and look at the damage. The hurricane had destroyed almost everything in its path. Havoc was there with her mouth wide open. Back in the Everglades the wind had romped among lakes and trees. In the city it had raged among the houses and men. Tea Cake and Janie stood on the edge of things and looked over the desolation† (190). The hurricane destroyed everything. Not only did the hurricane bring death to the cities and towns, but it also brought the death of Janie’s third husband and their marriage. During the storm, Tea Cake had been bitten in the face b y a rabid dog while trying to save Janie’s life. Tea Cake does get the proper medical attention and the rabies starts to take over his state of mind. Janie kills Tea Cake in order to save her own life. If it had not been for the storm, Tea Cake would most likely still be free of rabies and Janie would not have shot him. Hurston shows many types of death through the storm. She shows that nothing can escape death through this storm. In retrospect, Zora Neale Hurston uses multiple symbols throughout this novel to explain Janie’s feelings and behavior and the feelings and behaviors of others. Janie’s head rags signify that she is trapped and much like a slave, she will do what she is told in order to keep peace. The pear tree and nature help to show Janie’s deep connection with the earth. The pear tree is Janie’s way of knowing what love is. Hurston’s use of the hurricane symbolizes the death of many parts of life; physically, spiritually and emotionally. Without the use of these symbols in vivid detail, many of the events that take place in this novel would be misunderstood and misinterpreted. It is very clear that symbols play an important role in literature. It makes the reader become interested in the words and help them make connections with real life situations. Most would characterize that as a very well written story. Every good novel should have some type of symbol. It makes reading all the difference. Works Cited Cupp, Jeff. Their Eyes Were Watching God. Masterplots II. Ed. Tyrone Williams. Rev. ed. Vol. 4. African American Literature Series. New Jersey: Salem, 2009. 1868-73. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New Jersey: Macro Book, 2004. Print.